Reading Brutalism in Java

Between 1975 and 1985, a specific strain of concrete institutional architecture appeared across Java's university campuses — heavier on shading devices, lighter on massing, than its European reference points.

This research trip documented fourteen buildings across four cities, most undocumented in any published survey, several now under threat of demolition or insensitive renovation.

The findings inform an ongoing position: that regional brutalism deserves the same conservation attention as colonial-era architecture already receives.